The working principle of LEDs is based on photon emission.
The light emitting diode is essentially two oppositely doped semiconductors that are joined together to form a p-n junction. Doped semiconductors are used to enhance their conductivity. LED power supply can be done in two ways:The introduction of a dopant that lacks electrons creates a net deficiency of electrons and leaves a "space" (where the traditional bond should be formed) called a cavity that produces a p-type semiconductor.The introduction of electron-rich dopant species results in a net excess of electrons in the n-type semiconductor.
When a PN junction is formed (and when a voltage is applied), the two impurities generate opposite "conductive substances", so that holes and electrons combine with each other and cancel each other. This involves releasing energy in the form of photons and light, which are used to make them. Currently, the frequency of the emitted light or color depends on the amount of energy emitted and is characteristic of the doping used. The most common is the Ga-As pn junction.
In summary, energy enters the LED in the form of electrical current. Energy moves electrons to higher "orbits" where higher orbits are unstable, and electrons release energy as electrons fall back to lower levels. The energy released is the difference in energy between the two levels. The higher the energy, the higher the frequency of the light produced (green and blue). The lower the energy, the lower the frequency of the light (infrared, orange, yellow, red).
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